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The Calcutta Cup is the awarded to the winner of the match between teams of England and Scotland played annually in the Six Nations Championship. Like the match itself (England–Scotland), the Calcutta Cup is the oldest trophy contested between any two international rugby union teams, pre-dating the (Australia–New Zealand) by more than half a century. It is also the oldest of several trophies awarded under the umbrella of the Six Nations Championship, which include the Millennium Trophy (England–Ireland), (Ireland–Scotland), Giuseppe Garibaldi Trophy (France–Italy), Auld Alliance Trophy (France–Scotland), the Doddie Weir Cup (Scotland–Wales) and the (Italy–Scotland).

History
Calcutta Club
On in 1872 a game of rugby union football was played in , by a group of forty people (twenty-a-side), with one team representing England and the other Scotland. Following this match, and the growth of British Sport in India, the Calcutta Rugby Football Club was formally established in January the following year by expats, former students of , and soldiers of the Royal East Kent Regiment. In 1874, the club joined the Rugby Football Union (RFU). By 1878, the club's diminishing members withdrew club funds, a total of 270, and had them melted down to make a trophy. The trophy was presented by the club to the RFU and was used as “the best means of doing some lasting good for the cause of Rugby Football.”

The cup
The domed lid is surmounted by an elephant which is, it is said, copied from the Viceroy's own stock. The inscription on the Cup's wooden base reads: The Calcutta Cup.

There is an anomaly in the recording of the winning country on the base of the Cup. It was first played for in 1879, but the plinth shows records extending back to the first international in 1871.

While the original was handmade by Indian craftsmen, the replicas were made using modern technology.

In 1988 the cup was damaged by the antics of some drunken players, including England number eight Dean Richards and Scotland flanker who played football with the Calcutta Cup along in . Jeffrey received a six-month ban from the Scottish Rugby Union (SRU), whilst Richards was given a one-match sentence from England.

Competition
Despite the initial request of the Calcutta Club that the trophy be used as rugby's answer to football's , the RFU refused to turn the Calcutta Cup into a knock-out competition for English club sides. They believed that "competitiveness" ran against the amateur ethos and instead decided that a game should be played each year between England and Scotland and whoever wins should keep it for that year. The first Calcutta Cup match was played at , Edinburgh, on 10 March 1879 and ended in a draw; Scotland scored a drop goal and England a goal. The following year on 28 February 1880 England became the first winners of the Calcutta Cup when they defeated Scotland by two goals & three tries to one goal in . Matches have continued on an annual basis except for two interruptions due to the World Wars between 1915–1919 and 1940–1946.

As of 2025, 132 Calcutta Cup matches have taken place. Currently, this game is the annual match between the two nations in the Six Nations Championship. The ground alternates between Murrayfield Stadium in Edinburgh (on even years) and Twickenham Stadium in London (on odd years).

In 2004, the two countries' rugby governing bodies, the Rugby Football Union (England) and the Scottish Rugby Union, were considering a plan to add a second Calcutta Cup fixture each year, outside the Six Nations Championship. The second fixture would be hosted by the away nation in the Six Nations fixture of the same year. Under that plan, one nation would have to win both matches to take the Cup off its current holder. Due to a largely unfavourable reaction, the proposal was dropped.

Results
Results summary
+ Cup wins/holds
83
48

+ Match wins
72
44
Draws16

187910 Marchdraw(0) 1G–1G (1T),
188028 February (5T) 2G–1G (1T)Whalley Range,
188119 Marchdraw(2T) 1G–1G (1T)Raeburn Place, Edinburgh
18824 March (0) 0G–0G (2T)Whalley Range, Manchester
18833 March (1T) 0G–0G (2T)Raeburn Place, Edinburgh
18841 March (1T) 1G–0G (1T), Blackheath
1885align=center colspan=4
188613 Marchdraw(0) 0G–0G (0)Raeburn Place, Edinburgh
18875 Marchdraw(1T) 0G–0G (1T)Whalley Range, Manchester
1888align=center rowspan=2 colspan=4
1889
18901 March 0–6Raeburn Place, Edinburgh
18917 March 3–9Athletic Ground, Richmond
18925 March 0–5Raeburn Place, Edinburgh
18934 March 0–8Headingley Stadium,
189417 March 6–0Raeburn Place, Edinburgh
18959 March 3–6Athletic Ground, Richmond
189614 March 11–0,
189713 March 12–3Fallowfield Stadium, Manchester
189812 Marchdraw3–3Powderhall Stadium, Edinburgh
189911 March 0–5Rectory Field, Blackheath
190010 Marchdraw0–0Inverleith, Edinburgh
19019 March 3–18Rectory Field, Blackheath
190215 March 3–6Inverleith, Edinburgh
190321 March 6–10Athletic Ground, Richmond
190419 March 6–3Inverleith, Edinburgh
190518 March 0–8Athletic Ground, Richmond
190617 March 3–9Inverleith, Edinburgh
190716 March 3–8Rectory Field, Blackheath
190821 March 16–10Inverleith, Edinburgh
190920 March 8–18Athletic Ground, Richmond
191019 March 5–14Inverleith, Edinburgh
191118 March 13–8Twickenham Stadium, London
191216 March 8–3Inverleith, Edinburgh
191315 March 3–0Twickenham Stadium, London
191421 March 15–16Inverleith, Edinburgh
1915align=center rowspan=5 colspan=4
1916
1917
1918
1919
192020 March 13–4Twickenham Stadium, London
192119 March 0–18Inverleith, Edinburgh
192218 March 11–5Twickenham Stadium, London
192317 March 6–8Inverleith, Edinburgh
192415 March 19–0Twickenham Stadium, London
192521 March 14–11Murrayfield Stadium, Edinburgh
192620 March 9–17Twickenham Stadium, London
192719 March 21–13Murrayfield Stadium, Edinburgh
192817 March 6–0Twickenham Stadium, London
192916 March 12–6Murrayfield Stadium, Edinburgh
193016 Marchdraw0–0Twickenham Stadium, London
193121 March 28–19Murrayfield Stadium, Edinburgh
193219 March 16–3Twickenham Stadium, London
193318 March 3–0Murrayfield Stadium, Edinburgh
193417 March 6–3Twickenham Stadium, London
193516 March 10–7Murrayfield Stadium, Edinburgh
193621 March 9–8Twickenham Stadium, London
193720 March 3–6Murrayfield Stadium, Edinburgh
193819 March 16–21Twickenham Stadium, London
193918 March 6–9Murrayfield Stadium, Edinburgh
1940align=center rowspan=7 colspan=4
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
194715 March 24–5Twickenham Stadium, London
194820 March 6–3Murrayfield Stadium, Edinburgh
194919 March 6–3Twickenham Stadium, London
195018 March 13–11Murrayfield Stadium, Edinburgh
195117 March 5–3Twickenham Stadium, London
195215 March 3–19Murrayfield Stadium, Edinburgh
195321 March 26–8Twickenham Stadium, London
195420 March 3–13Murrayfield Stadium, Edinburgh
195519 March 9–6Twickenham Stadium, London
195617 March 6–11Murrayfield Stadium, Edinburgh
195716 March 16–3Twickenham Stadium, London
195815 Marchdraw3–3Murrayfield Stadium, Edinburgh
195921 Marchdraw3–3Twickenham Stadium, London
196019 March 12–21Murrayfield Stadium, Edinburgh
196118 March 6–0Twickenham Stadium, London
196217 Marchdraw3–3Murrayfield Stadium, Edinburgh
196316 March 10–8Twickenham Stadium, London
196421 March 15–6Murrayfield Stadium, Edinburgh
196520 Marchdraw3–3Twickenham Stadium, London
196619 March 6–3Murrayfield Stadium, Edinburgh
196718 March 27–14Twickenham Stadium, London
196816 March 6–8Murrayfield Stadium, Edinburgh
196915 March 8–3Twickenham Stadium, London
197021 February 14–5Murrayfield Stadium, Edinburgh
197120 March 15–16Twickenham Stadium, London
197218 March 23–9Murrayfield Stadium, Edinburgh
197317 March 15–16Twickenham Stadium, London
19742 February 16–14Murrayfield Stadium, Edinburgh
197515 March 7–6Twickenham Stadium, London
197621 February 22–12Murrayfield Stadium, Edinburgh
197715 January 26–6Twickenham Stadium, London
19784 March 0–15Murrayfield Stadium, Edinburgh
19793 Februarydraw7–7Twickenham Stadium, London
198015 March 18–30Murrayfield Stadium, Edinburgh
198121 February 23–17Twickenham Stadium, London
198216 Januarydraw9–9Murrayfield Stadium, Edinburgh
19835 March 12–22Twickenham Stadium, London
19844 February 18–6Murrayfield Stadium, Edinburgh
198516 March 10–7Twickenham Stadium, London
198615 February 33–6Murrayfield Stadium, Edinburgh
19874 April 21–12Twickenham Stadium, London
19885 March 6–9Murrayfield Stadium, Edinburgh
19894 Februarydraw12–12Twickenham Stadium, London
199017 March 13–7Murrayfield Stadium, Edinburgh
199116 February 21–12Twickenham Stadium, London
199218 January 7–25Murrayfield Stadium, Edinburgh
19936 March 26–12Twickenham Stadium, London
19945 February 14–15Murrayfield Stadium, Edinburgh
199518 March 24–12Twickenham Stadium, London
19962 March 9–18Murrayfield Stadium, Edinburgh
19971 February 41–13Twickenham Stadium, London
199822 March 20–34Murrayfield Stadium, Edinburgh
199920 February 24–21Twickenham Stadium, London
20002 April 19–13Murrayfield Stadium, Edinburgh
20013 March 43–3Twickenham Stadium, London
20022 February 3–29Murrayfield Stadium, Edinburgh
200322 March 40–9Twickenham Stadium, London
200421 February 13–35Murrayfield Stadium, Edinburgh
200519 March 43–22Twickenham Stadium, London
200625 February 18–12Murrayfield Stadium, Edinburgh
20073 February 42–20Twickenham Stadium, London
20088 March 15–9Murrayfield Stadium, Edinburgh
200921 March 26–12Twickenham Stadium, London
201013 Marchdraw15–15Murrayfield Stadium, Edinburgh
201113 March 22–16Twickenham Stadium, London
20124 February 6–13Murrayfield Stadium, Edinburgh
20132 February 38–18Twickenham Stadium, London
20148 February 0–20Murrayfield Stadium, Edinburgh
201514 March 25–13Twickenham Stadium, London
20166 February 9–15Murrayfield Stadium, Edinburgh
201711 March 61–21Twickenham Stadium, London
201824 February 25–13Murrayfield Stadium, Edinburgh
201916 Marchdraw38–38Twickenham Stadium, London
20208 February 6–13Murrayfield Stadium, Edinburgh
20216 February 6–11Twickenham Stadium, London
20225 February 20–17Murrayfield Stadium, Edinburgh
20234 February 23–29Twickenham Stadium, London
202424 February 30–21Murrayfield Stadium, Edinburgh
202522 February 16–15Twickenham Stadium, London

Records
The current record number of points scored by a player in a Calcutta Cup game was set by in 2007 when he scored 27 points (1 try, 2 conversions, 5 penalties, 1 ). The previous record of 24 points was held by .

Other Calcutta Cups
In 1884, Calcutta Cricket and Football Club again set up a rugby section and in 1890 set up an inter club trophy, the Calcutta Rugby Union Challenge Cup, promptly christened the Calcutta Cup.

The 2007 edition of the Cup was held by Jungle Crows, in which Future Hope Harlequins defeated CC&FC in final. The second division trophy was won by Calcutta Cricket and Football Club Panthers.

The original and oldest Calcutta Cup is a silver trophy played for annually by the members of Royal Blackheath Golf Club. It was a gift from the Royal Calcutta Golf Club in response to the presentation of a medal given by Blackheath. It is made from melted down silver , reputedly from the same batch of melted down silver rupees as the Rugby Union Cup played for between England and Scotland. The cup arrived in London in 1875. It was first played for in December 1875 three years before the first Calcutta Cup match between England and Scotland. The Cup held by Royal Blackheath Golf Club has only two handles unlike the well known Calcutta Cup. It is only in recent years that the history of the original Calcutta Cup has been appreciated by sporting historians.

Royal Blackheath Golf Club members had close links with Blackheath Football Club (Rugby) which was one of the most prominent clubs in the early years of the Rugby Football Union. Members of both clubs served in India in the 1870s. This link is the most likely explanation for the creation of a similar cup being created by the Calcutta Rugby Club a few years later and becoming the world-famous Calcutta Cup.

See also
  • Rugby union trophies and awards
  • Le Crunch, a long-standing rivalry between England and France
  • Millennium Trophy, for winners of England v. Ireland in the Six Nations
  • Giuseppe Garibaldi Trophy, for winners of France v. Italy in the Six Nations
  • Triple Crown Trophy, whoever (if any) wins all games between England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales in the Six Nations
  • Rugby union in India
  • England–Scotland football rivalry in association football

Notes
Further reading
External links

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